You cannot "spend" Bitcoin; you can only "use" it.   Let me explain…   To spend or not to spend, that is the question.   But what if this...

In 1954, a 20th-century polymath named Buckminster Fuller introduced the geodesic sphere to the world—a marvel of distributed strength, mathematical elegance, and systemic efficiency. Half a century later, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, a decentralized monetary network with no central authority. At first glance, these two systems appear worlds apart. One  is a physical structure, the other a digital protocol. However, these two systems have more in common than initially

We can all relate to the challenges of (de)boarding an aircraft. Every airline approaches the problem slightly differently, but no one...

Geoffrey West and his team have discovered universal scaling laws that appear to govern our universe. These scaling laws seem to...

Airports continually embrace new technology to monitor and control air traffic, potentially rendering traditional control towers...

Much human potential is curtailed when we cannot afford a home—we need a roof over our heads before we can think about doing anything...

Bitcoin miners are the monumental architecture of this century. The defining characteristic of monumental architecture is a significant, human-made structure publicly employed by a society. Architecturally, the structure conveys a sense of awe, strength, and wonder.  Monumental structures typically require a lot of (historically coerced) human labor. The message sent by these structures is no coincidence. They send a "costly signal" to potential aggressors. Conspicuous consum

This image should look familiar. Yet something about it feels strange, uncomfortable, and perhaps even wrong. It may even take a second...

One of the questions everyone ultimately faces in the Bitcoin rabbit hole is: what happens in a crisis or emergency on a Bitcoin standard...

As architects, we spend a lot of time thinking about the carbon footprint of our infrastructure. However, our monetary system is upstream...

Conceptual Visualization by Makoto Shibuya The data forecasting our energy challenge is available, but a distant and abstract threat is often intangible. Out of sight, out of mind. Threats that we can see, feel, and smell somehow ignite a response, while silent threats can prevail in plain sight until it is often too late. "To mobilize people, this has to become an emotional issue. It has to have the immediacy and salience. A distant, abstract, and disputed threat just doesn’

A Pecha-Kucha-style talk I gave at ZGF Architects in 2017. The slides were on a timer, so my timing is off, but the story is intact. I...

An Energy Opportunity I tend to believe that every challenge is also an opportunity. Cities developed over centuries, but the world is...

As the Roman philosopher Seneca eloquently said: "luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity." Similarly, I also believe...